Heterocyclic Building Blocks-piperazine

Salmonella Derby from pig production chain over a 10-year period: antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and genetic relatedness was written by Simoni, Cintia;de Campos Ausani, Thais;Laviniki, Vanessa;Lopes, Graciela Volz;de Itapema Cardoso, Marisa Ribeiro. And the article was included in Brazilian Journal of Microbiology in 2022.Electric Literature of C17H18FN3O3 This article mentions the following:

Abstract : The aim of this study was to evaluate 140 Salmonella Derby isolates collected over a 10-yr period from porcine origins (environment, pig carcass, lymph nodes, intestinal content, and pork) for their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, their ability to produce biofilm, and their genetic relatedness. The min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using microdilution broth method and antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated by PCR. The quantification of biofilm formation was performed in sterile polystyrene microtiter plates. Genetic relatedness was determined by Xba-I macrorestriction anal. The highest frequencies of non-wildtype (nWT) populations were observed against tetracycline (75.7%), streptomycin (70%), and colistin (11.4%), whereas wildtype populations were observed against ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and gentamicin. The resistance genes found were blaTEM (ampicillin), aadA variant (streptomycin/spectinomycin), tetA (tetracycline), and floR (florfenicol). On 96-well polystyrene microtiter plate, 68.6% of the isolates proved to be biofilm producers. Among 36 S. Derby isolates selected to PFGE anal., 22 were clustered with 83.6% of similarity. Addnl., 27 isolates were clustered in 11 pulsotypes, which presented more than one strain with 100% of similarity. Most of S. Derby isolates were able to form biofilm and were classified as nWT or resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, and colistin. PFGE allowed the identification of closely related S. Derby isolates that circulated in pig slaughterhouses and pork derived products along a decade. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 85721-33-1Electric Literature of C17H18FN3O3).

1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 85721-33-1) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Simple N-substituted piperazines have been found in many drug molecules. Piperazine is formed as a co-product in the ammoniation of 1,2-dichloroethane or ethanolamine. These are the only routes to the chemical used commercially.Electric Literature of C17H18FN3O3

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In situ imaging of quantum dot-AZD4547 conjugates for tracking the dynamic behavior of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 was written by Hwang, Gyoyeon;Kim, Hyeonhye;Yoon, Hojong;Song, Chiman;Lim, Dong-Kwon;Sim, Taebo;Lee, Jiyeon. And the article was included in International Journal of Nanomedicine in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 1035270-39-3 This article mentions the following:

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play an important role in determining cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. Although a variety of small-mol. FGFR inhibitors have been developed for cancer therapeutics, the interaction between FGFRs and FGFR inhibitors has not been well characterized. The FGFR-inhibitor interaction can be characterized using a new imaging probe that has strong, stable signal properties for in situ cellular imaging of the interaction without quenching. We developed a kinase-inhibitor-modified quantum dot (QD) probe to investigate the interaction between FGFR and potential inhibitors. Especially, turbo-green fluorescent protein-FGFR3s were overexpressed in HeLa cells to investigate the colocalization of FGFR3 and AZD4547 using the QD-AZD4547 probe. The result indicates that this probe is useful for investigating the binding behaviors of FGFR3 with the FGFR inhibitor. Thus, this new inhibitor-modified QD probe is a promising tool for understanding the interaction between FGFR and inhibitors and for creating future high-content, cell-based drug screening strategies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-N-(5-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-((3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)benzamide (cas: 1035270-39-3HPLC of Formula: 1035270-39-3).

rel-N-(5-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-((3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)benzamide (cas: 1035270-39-3) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Piperazine is a fairly basic compound and is an amine solvent. Intermediate for a wide range of pharmaceuticals, polymers, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, rubber accelerators and surfactants.HPLC of Formula: 1035270-39-3

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of FGFR inhibitors TKI258, BGJ398 and AZD4547 on breast cancer cells in 2D, 3D and tissue explant cultures was written by Kahkonen, T. E.;Toriseva, M.;Petruk, N.;Virta, A.-R.;Maher, A.;Eigeliene, N.;Kaivola, J.;Bostrom, P.;Koskivuo, I.;Nees, M.;Tuomela, J. M.;Ivaska, K. K.;Harkonen, P. L.. And the article was included in Cellular Oncology in 2021.COA of Formula: C26H33N5O3 This article mentions the following:

Here, we aimed to compare the effects of three FGFR inhibitors (FGFRis), i.e., non-selective TKI258 and selective BGJ398 and AZD4547, on different BC-derived cell lines (BCCs) and primary tissues. Methods: The human BCCs MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231(SA) (wild-type FGFR) and MFM223 (amplified FGFR1 and FGFR2) were analyzed for FGFR expression using qRT-PCR, and the effects of FGFRis on FGFR signaling by Western blotting. Results: We found that all FGFRis tested decreased the growth and viability of BC cells in 2D and 3D cultures. BGJ398 and AZD4547 were found to be potent at low concentrations in FGFR-amplified MFM233 cells, whereas higher concentrations were required in non-amplified MCF7 and MDA-MB-231(SA) cells. TKI258 inhibited the migration and invasion, whereas BGJ398 and AZD4547 only inhibited the invasion of MDA-MB-231(SA) cells. FGFRi treatment of MCF7 and MFM223 cells enhanced the inhibitory effect of radiotherapy, but this effect was not observed in MDA-MB-231(SA) cells. FGFRi-treated primary BC explants with moderate FGFR levels showed a tendency towards decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, besides targeting FGFR-amplified BCs with selective FGFRis, also BCs without FGFR amplification/activation may benefit from FGFRi-treatment. Combination with other treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy, may allow the use of FGFRis at relatively low concentrations and, thereby, contribute to better BC treatment outcomes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-N-(5-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-((3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)benzamide (cas: 1035270-39-3COA of Formula: C26H33N5O3).

rel-N-(5-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-((3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)benzamide (cas: 1035270-39-3) belongs to piperazine derivatives. The piperazine scaffold is often found in biologically active compounds in different therapeutic areas. These therapeutic areas include antifungals, antidepressants, antivirals, and serotonin receptor (5-HT) antagonists/agonists. Intermediate for a wide range of pharmaceuticals, polymers, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, rubber accelerators and surfactants.COA of Formula: C26H33N5O3

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

MDM2, MDMX, and p73 regulate cell-cycle progression in the absence of wild-type p53 was written by Klein, Alyssa M.;Biderman, Lynn;Tong, David;Alaghebandan, Bita;Plumber, Sakina A.;Mueller, Helen S.;van Vlimmeren, Anne;Katz, Chen;Prives, Carol. And the article was included in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2021.Reference of 548472-68-0 This article mentions the following:

The p53 tumor suppressor protein, known to be critically important in several processes including cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, is highly regulated by multiple mechanisms, most certifiably the Murine Double Minute 2-Murine Double Minute X (MDM2-MDMX) heterodimer. The role of MDM2-MDMX in cell-cycle regulation through inhibition of p53 has been well established. Here we report that in cells either lacking p53 or expressing certain tumor-derived mutant forms of p53, loss of endogenous MDM2 or MDMX, or inhibition of E3 ligase activity of the heterocomplex, causes cell-cycle arrest. This arrest is correlated with a reduction in E2F1, E2F3, and p73 levels. Remarkably, direct ablation of endogenous p73 produces a similar effect on the cell cycle and the expression of certain E2F family members at both protein and mRNA levels. These data suggest that MDM2 and MDMX, working at least in part as a heterocomplex, may play a p53-independent role in maintaining cell-cycle progression by promoting the activity of E2F family members as well as p73, making them a potential target of interest in cancers lacking wild-type p53. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(cis-4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carbonyl)piperazin-2-one (cas: 548472-68-0Reference of 548472-68-0).

4-(cis-4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carbonyl)piperazin-2-one (cas: 548472-68-0) belongs to piperazine derivatives. The piperazine scaffold is often found in biologically active compounds in different therapeutic areas. These therapeutic areas include antifungals, antidepressants, antivirals, and serotonin receptor (5-HT) antagonists/agonists. Piperazine is formed as a co-product in the ammoniation of 1,2-dichloroethane or ethanolamine. These are the only routes to the chemical used commercially.Reference of 548472-68-0

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Analysis of Drug-Drug Interaction Labeling Language and Clinical Recommendations for Newly Approved Drugs Evaluated With Digoxin, Midazolam, and S-Warfarin was written by Henderson, Lindsay M.;Steinbronn, Claire E.;Yu, Jingjing;Yeung, Catherine K.;Ragueneau-Majlessi, Isabelle. And the article was included in Clinical Therapeutics in 2021.Reference of 1211441-98-3 This article mentions the following:

To best promote drug tolerability and efficacy in the clinic, data from drug-drug interaction (DDI) evaluations and subsequent translation of the results to DDI prevention and/or management strategies must be incorporated into the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) product labeling in a consistent manner because differences in language might result in varied interpretations. This anal. aimed to assess the consistency in DDI labeling language in New Drug Applications (NDAs). NDAs of recently approved drugs (2012-2020) that increase the exposure of digoxin, midazolam, and S-warfarin, index substrates of P-glycoprotein, cytochrome P 450 (CYP) 3A, and CYP2C9 activity, resp., were fully reviewed. Noninhibitors were also evaluated to appreciate the extent of mechanistic extrapolation in case of neg. index studies. After a systematic review of the DDI studies available in NDAs, FDA-approved labeling, and commonly used clin. tertiary resources, differences in DDI results presentation and resulting clin. recommendations were found, even for inhibitors that affect similarly the exposure of the same index substrate. Studies with neg. results were often reported in the labels without providing mechanistic interpretation, thus limiting the possible extrapolation of this information to other known substrates. The variability in language affects how the information was presented to clinicians in tertiary resources. Strategies that aim to improve the translation of mechanistic DDI index studies into consistent labeling recommendations are briefly discussed in this review. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 7-Cyclopentyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-((5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (cas: 1211441-98-3Reference of 1211441-98-3).

7-Cyclopentyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-((5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (cas: 1211441-98-3) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Piperazine is a fairly basic compound and is an amine solvent. Piperazine and its salts did not induce point mutations in a bacterial test. A series of mutagenicity studies in cells, both in vitro and in vivo, has been completed and showed no evidence of mutagenic effect.Reference of 1211441-98-3

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Understanding the guest binding in the cucurbit[7]uril inclusion complexes of CDK4/6 inhibitors, palbociclib, and ribociclib from a combined experimental and computational study was written by Katiyar, Dharmendra;Ahamad, Shakir;Dash, Sibananda G.;Tripathi, Sarita;Arora, Ashish;Thakur, Tejender S.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2021.Reference of 1211441-98-3 This article mentions the following:

We have studied the cucurbit[7]uril inclusion complexes of two anti-cancer drugs, palbociclib and ribociclib, in the solution and solid-state with the help of exptl. and computational approaches. The formation of the cucurbit[7]uril inclusion complex, binding stoichiometry, and binding free energies in aqueous solution was determined from 1H-NMR, UV-spectroscopy and ITC studies. The binding of drugs in the ionized and unionized forms with cucurbit[7]uril was studied with the help of QTAIM anal. and free energy computations. We report the development of new co-amorphous solids of the cucurbit[7]uril inclusion complexes of drugs with enhanced thermal stability. We also report three new crystalline salt forms of palbociclib oxalate and a new DMSO solvate of ribociclib succinate dihydrate in the study. The phase interrelationship between the palbociclib oxalate forms (1a, 1b, and 1c) was established from DSC and PXRD study. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 7-Cyclopentyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-((5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (cas: 1211441-98-3Reference of 1211441-98-3).

7-Cyclopentyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-((5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (cas: 1211441-98-3) belongs to piperazine derivatives. A form in which piperazine is commonly available industrially is as the hexahydrate, C4H10N2. 6H2O, which melts at 44 °C and boils at 125–130 °C. Piperazines are very broad chemical group, covering a wide range of drugs from antidepressants to antihistamines. The connecting property of all these chemicals is the presence of a piperazine functional group.Reference of 1211441-98-3

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and in vitro antimycobacterial activity of 8-OCH₃ ciprofloxacin methylene and ethylene isatin derivatives was written by Feng, Lian-Shun;Liu, Ming-Liang;Zhang, Shu;Chai, Yun;Wang, Bo;Zhang, Yi-Bin;Lv, Kai;Guan, Yan;Guo, Hui-Yuan;Xiao, Chun-Ling. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2010.Formula: C18H20FN3O4 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel 8-OCH₃ ciprofloxacin methylene and ethylene isatin derivatives with remarkable improvement in lipophilicity were synthesized in this study. These derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro activity against some mycobacteria. All of the synthesized compounds were less active than the parent 8-OCH₃ ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium smegmatis CMCC 93202, but most of the methylene isatin derivatives were more active than 8-OCH₃ ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, isoniazid and rifampin against MTB H37Rv ATCC 27294. It was noted that compound I (MIC: 0.074 μM) was 2-13 fold more potent than the reference compounds against MTB H37Rv ATCC 27294, and some compounds (MIC: 6.72-7.05 μM) were around 1.6 fold more potent than the parent 8-OCH₃ ciprofloxacin, 3.5 fold more potent than ciprofloxacin against MDR-MTB 09710. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 112811-57-1Formula: C18H20FN3O4).

1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 112811-57-1) belongs to piperazine derivatives. A form in which piperazine is commonly available industrially is as the hexahydrate, C4H10N2. 6H2O, which melts at 44 °C and boils at 125–130 °C. Piperazine is an anthelminthic especially useful in the treatment of partial intestinal obstruction caused by Ascaris worms, which is a condition primarily seen in children. Piperazine hydrate and piperazine citrate are the main anthelminthic piperazines.Formula: C18H20FN3O4

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pharmacogenetic variability and the probability of site of action target attainment during tuberculosis meningitis treatment: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations study was written by Mehta, Krina;Narayanan, Navaneeth;Heysell, Scott K.;Bisson, Gregory P.;Subbian, Selvakumar;Kurepina, Natalia;Kreiswirth, Barry N.;Vinnard, Christopher. And the article was included in Tuberculosis (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2022.Recommanded Product: 13292-46-1 This article mentions the following:

Our objective was to investigate the role of patient pharmacogenetic variability in determining site of action target attainment during tuberculous meningitis (TBM) treatment. Rifampin and isoniazid PBPK model that included SLCO1B1 and NAT2 effects on exposures resp. were obtained from literature, modified, and validated using available cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) concentrations Population simulations of isoniazid and rifampin concentrations in brain interstitial fluid and probability of target attainment according to genotypes and M. tuberculosis MIC levels, under standard and intensified dosing, were conducted. The rifampin and isoniazid model predicted steady-state drug concentration within brain interstitial fluid matched with the observed CSF concentrations At MIC level of 0.25 mg/L, 57% and 23% of the patients with wild type and heterozygous SLCO1B1 genotype resp. attained the target in CNS with rifampin standard dosing, improving to 98% and 91% resp. with 35 mg/kg dosing. At MIC level of 0.25 mg/L, 33% of fast acetylators attained the target in CNS with isoniazid standard dosing, improving to 90% with 7.5 mg/kg dosing. In this study, the combined effects of pharmacogenetic and M. tuberculosis MIC variability were potent determinants of target attainment in CNS. The potential for genotype-guided dosing during TBM treatment should be further explored in prospective clin. studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 8-(n-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)formidoyl)-rifomycins (cas: 13292-46-1Recommanded Product: 13292-46-1).

8-(n-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)formidoyl)-rifomycins (cas: 13292-46-1) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Piperazine is a fairly basic compound and is an amine solvent. Piperazine is formed as a co-product in the ammoniation of 1,2-dichloroethane or ethanolamine. These are the only routes to the chemical used commercially.Recommanded Product: 13292-46-1

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Efficient matrix cleanup of soft-gel-type dietary supplements for rapid screening of 92 illegal adulterants using EMR-lipid dSPE and UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS was written by Kim, Beom Hee;Lee, Wonwoong;Kim, You Lee;Lee, Ji Hyun;Hong, Jongki. And the article was included in Pharmaceuticals in 2021.Category: piperazines This article mentions the following:

An efficient matrix cleanup method was developed for the rapid screening of 92 illegal adulterants (25 erectile dysfunction drugs, 15 steroids, seven anabolic steroids, 12 antihistamines, 12 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), four diuretics, and 17 weight-loss drugs) in soft-gel-type supplements by ultra-high performance liquid chromatog.-quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS). As representative green chem. methods, three sample preparation methods (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe” dispersive solid-phase extraction (QuEChERS-dSPE), and enhanced matrix removal-lipid (EMR-Lipid) dSPE) were evaluated for matrix removal efficiency, recovery rate, and matrix effect. In this study, EMR-Lipid dSPE was shown to effectively remove complicated matrix contents in soft-gels, compared to DLLME and QuEChERS-dSPE. For the rapid screening of a wide range of adulterants, extracted common ion chromatogram (ECIC) and neutral loss scan (NLS) based on specific common MS/MS fragments were applied to randomly collected soft-gel-type dietary supplement samples using UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Both ECICs and NLSs enabled rapid and simple screening of multi-class adulterants and could be an alternative to the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method. The developed method was validated in terms of limit of detection (LOD), precision, accuracy, recovery, and matrix effects. The range of LODs was 0.1-16 ng/g. The overall precision values were within 0.09-14.65%. The accuracy ranged from 81.6% to 116.6%. The recoveries and matrix effects of 92 illegal adulterants ranged within 16.9-119.4% and 69.8-114.8%, resp. The established method was successfully applied to screen and identify 92 illegal adulterants in soft-gels. This method can be a promising tool for the high-throughput screening of various adulterants in dietary supplements and could be used as a more environmentally friendly routine anal. method for screening dietary supplements illegally adulterated with multi-class drug substances. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Ethoxy-5-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one (cas: 224785-90-4Category: piperazines).

2-(2-Ethoxy-5-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one (cas: 224785-90-4) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Piperazine causes primary dermal irritation and skin burns at high concentrations. Piperazine also causes eye irritation in humans. Piperazine and its salts did not induce point mutations in a bacterial test. A series of mutagenicity studies in cells, both in vitro and in vivo, has been completed and showed no evidence of mutagenic effect.Category: piperazines

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Highly Sensitive Built-In Strain Sensors for Polymer Composites: Fluorescence Turn-On Response through Mechanochemical Activation was written by Li, Zhong’an;Toivola, Ryan;Ding, Feizhi;Yang, Jeffrey;Lai, Po-Ni;Howie, Tucker;Georgeson, Gary;Jang, Sei-Hum;Li, Xiaosong;Flinn, Brian D.;Jen, Alex K.-Y.. And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2016.Synthetic Route of C12H16N2O This article mentions the following:

In this paper, the authors report the development of a new class of mechanochromic mols., that can be covalently linked to an epoxy thermoset network as built-in fluorescent strain sensors through simple and facile chem. Under mech. deformation, the sensing mols. in the epoxy matrix undergo a force-induced elimination reaction to regenerate the conjugated pathway between the donor and the acceptor forming a dipolar structure with strong intramol. charge-transfer. This sensor system can be activated even at a very low deformation strain about 0.14 accompanied with a fluorescence “turn-on” response, and is stable under prolonged exposure to light, demonstrating the significant value for practical applications of strain/damage sensing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzaldehyde (cas: 27913-99-1Synthetic Route of C12H16N2O).

4-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzaldehyde (cas: 27913-99-1) belongs to piperazine derivatives. A form in which piperazine is commonly available industrially is as the hexahydrate, C4H10N2. 6H2O, which melts at 44 °C and boils at 125–130 °C. Two common salts in the form of which piperazine is usually prepared for pharmaceutical or veterinary purposes are the citrate, 3C4H10N2.2C6H8O7 (i.e. containing 3 molecules of piperazine to 2 molecules of citric acid), and the adipate, C4H10N2.C6H10O4 (containing 1 molecule each of piperazine and adipic acid).Synthetic Route of C12H16N2O

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics