Category: piperazines

Barriers and facilitators to taking CDK4/6 inhibitors among patients with metastatic breast cancer: a qualitative study was written by Conley, Claire C.;McIntyre, McKenzie;Pensak, Nicole A.;Lynce, Filipa;Graham, Deena;Ismail-Khan, Roohi;Lopez, Katherine;Vadaparampil, Susan T.;O’Neill, Suzanne C.. And the article was included in Breast Cancer Research and Treatment in 2022.SDS of cas: 1211441-98-3 This article mentions the following:

Most studies of adherence to treatment for breast cancer have focused on early-stage patients. Findings from these studies may not generalize to patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The objective of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators of adherence to cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors among patients with MBC, guided by the social ecol. model (SEM). Patients with MBC (N = 25), their caregivers (N = 9), and oncol. providers (N = 13) completed semi-structured qual. interviews exploring their experiences with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by three raters using a combined deductive and inductive approach. Qual. anal. identified barriers and facilitators of adherence at each SEM level. Intrapersonal and interpersonal factors were most frequently discussed. Intrapersonal factors included knowledge/beliefs about CDK4/6 inhibitors, side effects, and establishing a routine. Interpersonal factors included effective communication with/coordination by the care team, support from family and friends, and information from other patients with MBC. Although less frequently discussed, policy factors (i.e., cost of CDK4/6 inhibitors) were of great concern to patients, caregivers, and providers. Barriers to adherence to CDK4/6 inhibitors exist at multiple levels. Our results underscore the potential value of a multilevel intervention (e.g., patient education, evidence-based strategies for symptom management, tips for open and assertive communication with providers, information about financial resources/support available, and so on) to support adherence in this population. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 7-Cyclopentyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-((5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (cas: 1211441-98-3SDS of cas: 1211441-98-3).

7-Cyclopentyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-((5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (cas: 1211441-98-3) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Piperazine was first introduced as an anthelmintic in 1953. Piperazine compounds mediate their anthelmintic action by generally paralyzing parasites, allowing the host body to easily remove or expel the invading organism. Piperazine and its salts did not induce point mutations in a bacterial test. A series of mutagenicity studies in cells, both in vitro and in vivo, has been completed and showed no evidence of mutagenic effect.SDS of cas: 1211441-98-3

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Simple, fast and reliable CE method for simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in human urine was written by Koska, Izabella;Purgat, Krystian;Kubalczyk, Pawel. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Electric Literature of C17H18FN3O3 This article mentions the following:

A simple, fast, and accurate capillary zone electrophoresis method has been developed for the determination of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. This method uses liquid-liquid extraction Therefore, it is characterized by a very simple procedure of sample preparation but at the same time satisfactory precision and accuracy. The extraction process of the same urine sample was repeated three times. The extraction protocol was performed each time for 15 min with 1 mL of dichloromethane and chloroform mixture in a 3:1 volume ratio. A 0.1 mol/L phosphate-borate buffer (pH 8.40) was selected as the background electrolyte. UV detection was performed at 288 nm. The separation was carried out at a voltage of 16 kV, at a temperature of 25°C. Exptl. evaluated LOQ values for ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were 0.2 nmol/mL urine and 0.05 nmol/mL urine, resp. For both analytes the calibration curves exhibited linearity over the entire tested concentration range of 1-6 nmol/mL urine. The precision of the method did not exceed 15%, and the recovery was in the range of 85-115%. The developed and validated procedure was applied to analyze human urine for the content of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 85721-33-1Electric Literature of C17H18FN3O3).

1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 85721-33-1) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Piperazine was first introduced as an anthelmintic in 1953. Piperazine compounds mediate their anthelmintic action by generally paralyzing parasites, allowing the host body to easily remove or expel the invading organism. Although many piperazine derivatives occur naturally, piperazine itself can be synthesized by reacting alcoholic ammonia with 1,2-dichloroethane, by the action of sodium and ethylene glycol on ethylene diamine hydrochloride, or by reduction of pyrazine with sodium in ethanol.Electric Literature of C17H18FN3O3

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Targeting p63 upregulation abrogates resistance to MAPK inhibitors in melanoma was written by Patel, Ankit;Garcia, Lucia Fraile;Mannella, Viviana;Gammon, Luke;Borg, Tiffanie-Marie;Maffucci, Tania;Scatolini, Maria;Chiorino, Giovanna;Vergani, Elisabetta;Rodolfo, Monica;Maurichi, Andrea;Posch, Christian;Matin, Rubeta Nishat;Harwood, Catherine A.;Bergamaschi, Daniele. And the article was included in Cancer Research in 2020.Safety of 4-(cis-4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carbonyl)piperazin-2-one This article mentions the following:

Targeting the MAPK pathway by combined inhibition of BRAF and MEK has increased overall survival in advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma in both therapeutic and adjuvant clin. settings. However, a significant proportion of tumors develop acquired resistance, leading to treatment failure. We have previously shown p63 to be an important inhibitor of p53-induced apoptosis in melanoma following genotoxic drug exposure. Here we investigated the role of p63 in acquired resistance to MAPK inhibition and show that p63 isoforms are upregulated in melanoma cell lines chronically exposed to BRAF and MEK inhibition, with consequent increased resistance to apoptosis. This p63 upregulation was the result of its reduced degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7. FBXW7 was itself regulated by MDM2, and in therapy-resistant melanoma cell lines, nuclear accumulation of MDM2 caused downregulation of FBXW7 and consequent upregulation of p63. Consistent with this, both FBXW7 inactivating mutations and MDM2 upregulation were found in melanoma clin. samples. Treatment of MAPK inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells with MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3A restored FBXW7 expression and p63 degradation in a dose-dependent manner and sensitized these cells to apoptosis. Collectively, these data provide a compelling rationale for future investigation of nutlin-3A as an approach to abrogate acquired resistance of melanoma to MAPK inhibitor targeted therapy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(cis-4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carbonyl)piperazin-2-one (cas: 548472-68-0Safety of 4-(cis-4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carbonyl)piperazin-2-one).

4-(cis-4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carbonyl)piperazin-2-one (cas: 548472-68-0) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Industrial applications of piperazine include the manufacture of plastics, resins, pesticides and brake fluids. Outside the body, piperazine has a remarkable power to dissolve uric acid and producing a soluble urate, but in clinical experience it has not proved equally successful. Safety of 4-(cis-4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carbonyl)piperazin-2-one

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nasal carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among sympatric free-ranging domestic pigs and wild Chlorocebus pygerythrus in a rural African setting was written by Kalule, John Bosco;Nakintu, Valeria Zalwango;SSendawula, Simon Peter. And the article was included in BMC Veterinary Research in 2022.Application of 13292-46-1 This article mentions the following:

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage in domestic pigs and vervet monkeys is a risk factor for subsequent severe infections in domestic pigs and for dissemination to the human population. This study assessed nasal carriage of MRSA in domestic pigs and sympatric vervet monkeys in a rural African village during an outbreak of a virus hemorrhagic fever suspected to be contracted from wild primates. This study was conducted during the 2012 Ebola outbreak to determine nasal carriage of MRSA in free-ranging domestic pigs and sympatric freely roaming vervet monkeys using conventional methods. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from the anterior nares were tested for susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics and conventional PCR was used to confirm methicillin resistance. The MRSA strains were then genotyped using SCCmec typing. Overall, there was a high level of resistance to tetracycline [90% (63/70) in pigs and 67% (10/15) in vervet monkeys], trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole [90% (63/70) in pigs and 67% (10/15) in vervet monkeys], and penicillin [83% (58/70) in pigs and 67% (10/15) in vervet monkeys]. Most of the MRSA strains (91.6%, 11/12) were of the SCCmec type I [1B] genotype. The nasal carriage of drug resistant S. aureus in freely roaming domestic and wild animals presents a risk for widespread environmental spread of antimicrobial resistance thus presenting a risk for treatment failure in domestic animals, wild animals, and humans. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 8-(n-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)formidoyl)-rifomycins (cas: 13292-46-1Application of 13292-46-1).

8-(n-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)formidoyl)-rifomycins (cas: 13292-46-1) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Industrial applications of piperazine include the manufacture of plastics, resins, pesticides and brake fluids. Two common salts in the form of which piperazine is usually prepared for pharmaceutical or veterinary purposes are the citrate, 3C4H10N2.2C6H8O7 (i.e. containing 3 molecules of piperazine to 2 molecules of citric acid), and the adipate, C4H10N2.C6H10O4 (containing 1 molecule each of piperazine and adipic acid).Application of 13292-46-1

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Simultaneous determination of 10 new psychoactive piperazine derivatives in urine using ultrasound-assisted low-density solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was written by Zhu, Binling;Meng, Liang;Cao, Jie;Yang, Wenrong;Conlan, Xavier A.. And the article was included in Journal of Forensic Sciences in 2021.Synthetic Route of C17H18F2N2 This article mentions the following:

With the rapid development of synthetic drugs, novel piperazine derivatives, as an increasingly important class of new psychoactive substances (NPS), have attracted global attention owing to their increasing demand in the illicit drug market. In this study, ten piperazine derivatives were analyzed in urine samples after pre-treatment with ultrasound-assisted low-d. solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-LDS-DLLME) combined with gas chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). This simple approach involved the use of urine samples (1 mL) adjusted to pH 12, which was added to 100 μL of n-hexane and subjected to ultrasonication for 3 min to completely disperse the sample in the n-hexane solution The resulting turbid suspension was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 3 min, and the supernatant was extracted and analyzed using GC-MS/MS. Under the optimized conditions presented in this study, the linear relationship between the analytes was good within 10-1500 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficient (r) was between .9914 and .9983. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.3-2 ng/mL (S/N = 3), and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 10 ng/mL (S/N = 10) with the recovery of the analytes of interest from the spiked samples being 76.3%-93.3%. This method has been used to analyze real-world samples; our study shows that the UA-LDS-DLLME approach can be used for rapid anal. while consuming minimal solvent for the simultaneous determination of a range of analytes. This method has the potential for use in clin. analyses and forensic toxicol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,4-Difluorobenzhydrylpiperazine (cas: 27469-60-9Synthetic Route of C17H18F2N2).

4,4-Difluorobenzhydrylpiperazine (cas: 27469-60-9) belongs to piperazine derivatives. The piperazine scaffold is often found in biologically active compounds in different therapeutic areas. These therapeutic areas include antifungals, antidepressants, antivirals, and serotonin receptor (5-HT) antagonists/agonists. Piperazine is formed as a co-product in the ammoniation of 1,2-dichloroethane or ethanolamine. These are the only routes to the chemical used commercially.Synthetic Route of C17H18F2N2

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Microwave-assisted synthesis of new 2-substituted phenyl-5-{N⁴-[bi-(4-fluoro phenyl)-methyl]-N¹-methylene} piperazine-1,3,4-oxadiazoles was written by Zhang, Zhen;Mo, Song;Zhang, Gang;Shao, Xue-bei;Li, Qing-han;Yang, Xue-jun;Chen, Feng. And the article was included in Xinan Minzu Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban in 2017.Application In Synthesis of 4,4-Difluorobenzhydrylpiperazine This article mentions the following:

Objective: Eight new 2-substituted phenyl-5-{N⁴-[bi-(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl]-N¹-methylene} piperazine-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 4a-4h were prepared starting from [bi-(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl]-piperazine under microwave irradiation with good yields. The technique of microwave irradiation proved to be an efficient, safe and environment-friendly technique with significant decreases in reaction time, comparably moderate yields, and easy manipulation. Furthermore, this method can be applied to the synthesis of many other oxadiazoles with more potential functional qualities. The structures of the eight compounds were determined by IR, MS and 1H NMR data. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,4-Difluorobenzhydrylpiperazine (cas: 27469-60-9Application In Synthesis of 4,4-Difluorobenzhydrylpiperazine).

4,4-Difluorobenzhydrylpiperazine (cas: 27469-60-9) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Simple N-substituted piperazines have been found in many drug molecules. Two common salts in the form of which piperazine is usually prepared for pharmaceutical or veterinary purposes are the citrate, 3C4H10N2.2C6H8O7 (i.e. containing 3 molecules of piperazine to 2 molecules of citric acid), and the adipate, C4H10N2.C6H10O4 (containing 1 molecule each of piperazine and adipic acid).Application In Synthesis of 4,4-Difluorobenzhydrylpiperazine

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Behavior of 4-(-2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulphonic acid under electrospray ionization mass spectrometry conditions was written by Saraiva, Marco A.;Borges, Carlos M.;Florencio, M. Helena. And the article was included in European Journal of Mass Spectrometry in 2010.Related Products of 75277-39-3 This article mentions the following:

The authors’ previous experiments on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) anal. of reaction mixtures containing 4-(-2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES, zwitterionic organic buffering agent), a commonly used buffer, indicated that HEPES species did not significantly suppress analyte species, even in reaction mixture solutions with significant amounts of HEPES. With the purpose of investigating the behavior of HEPES under ESI-MS conditions, HEPES aqueous solutions and HEPES aqueous solutions containing analyte with high polarity properties and low polarity properties and with different acid/base chem., were therefore investigated. For electrosprayed aqueous solutions of HEPES with concentrations above 10^-5M, an enhanced formation of HEPES multimer ions, showing HEPES monomer ion formation, was observed This enhanced formation of HEPES multimer ions is much higher than those observed for other polar compounds, such as acetyl-arginine, acetyl-lysine and histidine. Information from solution behavior such as HEPES concentration, solution pH and instrumental factors, namely the capillary temperature, was related to information from mass spectra. The results obtained led us to conclude that the formation of HEPES ions is related to the initial solution composition The influence of analyte species on HEPES species formation, for electrosprayed HEPES solutions with analyte, was also investigated. The variations observed for HEPES monomer and multimer ion abundance, which were found to be consistent with those observed for analyte monomer ion abundance, were related to the type of analyte, i.e. to their acid/base nature. Strikingly, the variations observed between HEPES monomer and multimer ion abundance enable the discrimination of different influences of analyte species on HEPES species formation. The results obtained also provided an explanation for the observation that HEPES species do not significantly suppress analyte species ion signals when highly-concentrated HEPES solutions with analyte are electrosprayed. According to our results, the associated behavior between HEPES species seems to be preserved in the gas phase during electrospray ionization. This observation may provide some information that may be useful regarding the behavior involved in the gas-phase ion formation process from charged droplets during electrospray ionization or, at least, to differentiate between behaviors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanesulfonate (cas: 75277-39-3Related Products of 75277-39-3).

Sodium 2-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanesulfonate (cas: 75277-39-3) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Piperazine was first introduced as an anthelmintic in 1953. Piperazine compounds mediate their anthelmintic action by generally paralyzing parasites, allowing the host body to easily remove or expel the invading organism. Piperazine is an anthelminthic especially useful in the treatment of partial intestinal obstruction caused by Ascaris worms, which is a condition primarily seen in children. Piperazine hydrate and piperazine citrate are the main anthelminthic piperazines.Related Products of 75277-39-3

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Clinical and analytical validation of FoundationOneCDx, a comprehensive genomic profiling assay for solid tumors was written by Milbury, Coren A.;Creeden, James;Yip, Wai-Ki;Smith, David L.;Pattani, Varun;Maxwell, Kristi;Sawchyn, Bethany;Gjoerup, Ole;Meng, Wei;Skoletsky, Joel;Concepcion, Alvin D.;Tang, Yanhua;Bai, Xiaobo;Dewal, Ninad;Ma, Pei;Bailey, Shannon T.;Thornton, James;Pavlick, Dean C.;Frampton, Garrett M.;Lieber, Daniel;White, Jared;Burns, Christine;Vietz, Christine. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2022.Category: piperazines This article mentions the following:

FoundationOneCDx (F1CDx) is a United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved companion diagnostic test to identify patients who may benefit from treatment in accordance with the approved therapeutic product labeling for 28 drug therapies. F1CDx utilizes next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) technol. to examine 324 cancer genes in solid tumors. F1CDx reports known and likely pathogenic short variants (SVs), copy number alterations (CNAs), and select rearrangements, as well as complex biomarkers including tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI), in addition to genomic loss of heterozygosity (gLOH) in ovarian cancer. CGP services can reduce the complexity of biomarker testing, enabling precision medicine to improve treatment decision-making and outcomes for cancer patients, but only if test results are reliable, accurate, and validated clin. and anal. to the highest standard available. The analyses presented herein demonstrate the extensive anal. and clin. validation supporting the F1CDx initial and subsequent FDA approvals to ensure high sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the data reported. The anal. validation included several in-depth evaluations of F1CDx assay performance including limit of detection (LoD), limit of blank (LoB), precision, and orthogonal concordance for SVs (including base substitutions [SUBs] and insertions/deletions [INDELs]), CNAs (including amplifications and homozygous deletions), genomic rearrangements, and select complex biomarkers. The assay validation of >30,000 test results comprises a considerable and increasing body of evidence that supports the clin. utility of F1CDx to match patients with solid tumors to targeted therapies or immunotherapies based on their tumor’s genomic alterations and biomarkers. F1CDx meets the clin. needs of providers and patients to receive guideline-based biomarker testing, helping them keep pace with a rapidly evolving field of medicine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,6-Dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(6-((4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1-methylurea (cas: 872511-34-7Category: piperazines).

3-(2,6-Dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(6-((4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1-methylurea (cas: 872511-34-7) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Piperazine was first introduced as an anthelmintic in 1953. Piperazine compounds mediate their anthelmintic action by generally paralyzing parasites, allowing the host body to easily remove or expel the invading organism. Piperazine and its salts did not induce point mutations in a bacterial test. A series of mutagenicity studies in cells, both in vitro and in vivo, has been completed and showed no evidence of mutagenic effect.Category: piperazines

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Neural induction with a dopaminergic phenotype from human pluripotent stem cells through a feeder-free floating aggregation culture was written by Morizane, Asuka;Doi, Daisuke;Takahashi, Jun. And the article was included in Methods in Molecular Biology (New York, NY, United States) in 2013.Application of 1062368-24-4 This article mentions the following:

Pluripotent stem cells are promising potential sources for cell replacement therapy and are useful research tools for exploring disease mechanisms. Neural cells are one of the cell types that have been most efficiently differentiated through several established protocols. This chapter describes the feeder-free floating aggregation culture system for the induction of dopaminergic neurons. This method is simple and highly efficient for the production of dopaminergic neurons. It has several advantages for application in clin. usage in comparison to the other protocols using either feeder cells or Matrigel. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(6-(4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)quinoline (cas: 1062368-24-4Application of 1062368-24-4).

4-(6-(4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)quinoline (cas: 1062368-24-4) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Piperazine was first introduced as an anthelmintic in 1953. Piperazine compounds mediate their anthelmintic action by generally paralyzing parasites, allowing the host body to easily remove or expel the invading organism. Outside the body, piperazine has a remarkable power to dissolve uric acid and producing a soluble urate, but in clinical experience it has not proved equally successful. Application of 1062368-24-4

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments for the treatment of acute bipolar depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis was written by Bahji, Anees;Ermacora, Dylan;Stephenson, Callum;Hawken, Emily R.;Vazquez, Gustavo. And the article was included in Journal of Affective Disorders in 2020.Category: piperazines This article mentions the following:

We investigated the comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacol. treatment strategies for the treatment of acute bipolar depression. A systematic review and network meta-anal. was conducted by searching eight registries for published and unpublished, double-blind, randomized controlled trials of pharmacotherapies for the acute treatment of bipolar depression. PRISMA guidelines were used for abstracting data, while the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess data quality. Data extraction was done independently by two reviewers, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Primary outcomes were efficacy (response and remission rate) and acceptability (completion of treatment and dropouts due to adverse events). Summary odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using pairwise and network meta-anal. with random effects. Identified citations (4,404) included 50 trials comprising 11,448 participants. Escitalopram, phenelzine, moclobemide, carbamazepine, sertraline, lithium, paroxetine, aripiprazole, gabapentin and ziprasidone appear to be ineffective as compared to placebo in treatment of bipolar depression. Divalproex, olanzapine/fluoxetine, olanzapine, quetiapine, cariprazine, and lamotrigine, appear to be effective as compared to placebo in treatment of bipolar depression according to the network meta-anal. Aripiprazole showed higher discontinuation rates vs. placebo due to the appearance of any adverse event. Quetiapine was better than placebo at reducing treatment-emergent affective switches. For Bipolar I Disorder, cariprazine, fluoxetine, imipramine, lamotrigine, lurasidone, olanzapine-fluoxetine, and olanzapine were significantly better than placebo at response, while fluoxetine, imipramine, cariprazine, lurasidone, olanzapine-fluoxetine, and olanzapine were significantly better than placebo at remission. These results could serve evidence-based practice and inform patients, physicians, guideline developers, and policymakers on the relative benefits of the different antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood-stabilizing agents for the treatment of bipolar depression.PROSPERO (CRD42019122172). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(trans-4-(2-(4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (cas: 839712-12-8Category: piperazines).

3-(trans-4-(2-(4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (cas: 839712-12-8) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Piperazine is a fairly basic compound and is an amine solvent. Outside the body, piperazine has a remarkable power to dissolve uric acid and producing a soluble urate, but in clinical experience it has not proved equally successful. Category: piperazines

Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics