Fate and ecological risks of antibiotics in water-sediment systems with cultivated and wild Phragmites australis in a typical Chinese shallow lake was written by Zhang, Ling;Bai, Junhong;Wang, Chen;Wei, Zhuoqun;Wang, Yaqi;Zhang, Kegang;Xiao, Rong;Jorquera, Milko A.;Acuna, Jacquelinne J.;Campos, Marco. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.Synthetic Route of C16H18FN3O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
River carrying antibiotics from upstream posed serious threats to receiving lake, and plants might had effects on antibiotics. Therefore, samples of waters, sediments and tissues of cultivated and wild Phragmites australis were collected to analyze antibiotics fate and ecol. risks (RQs) in Zaozhadian Lake. Our results revealed that the total antibiotics showed an increasing tendency in surface/pore water and P. australis tissues and a decreasing tendency in overlying water and sediments from the lake entrance to the center. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of two sulfonamides (SAs) and three quinolones (QNs) increased in sediments and decreased in those of erythromycin in pore water from Site 1 to Site 11. Three QNs and two tetracyclines (TCs) were dominant antibiotics in pore water/sediment and surface/overlying water resp. Higher levels of two SAs in surface/pore water and two macrolides (MAs) in overlying/pore water and sediments were observed in the wild P. australis region, while higher values of two TCs in overlying/pore water and three QNs in sediment were observed in the cultivated P. australis region. Higher BAFs of SAs and QNs in sediments were observed in the cultivated and wild P. australis region resp. The RQs of oxytetracycline and two MAs posed moderate risks in surface/overlying water from more than 50% of sampling sites. Norfloxacin exhibited moderate RQ and low ∑RQ levels in sediments, and showed high risk in pore water. Our findings imply that much more attention should be given to the antibiotics from river inputs and management normatives to control antibiotic pollution. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1-Ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 70458-96-7Synthetic Route of C16H18FN3O3).
1-Ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 70458-96-7) belongs to piperazine derivatives. The piperazine scaffold is often found in biologically active compounds in different therapeutic areas. These therapeutic areas include antifungals, antidepressants, antivirals, and serotonin receptor (5-HT) antagonists/agonists. Although many piperazine derivatives occur naturally, piperazine itself can be synthesized by reacting alcoholic ammonia with 1,2-dichloroethane, by the action of sodium and ethylene glycol on ethylene diamine hydrochloride, or by reduction of pyrazine with sodium in ethanol.Synthetic Route of C16H18FN3O3
Referemce:
Piperazine – Wikipedia,
Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics